Evaluation of L-Proline as a Catalyst for an Asymmetric Aldol Reaction Lab Report

Evaluation of L-Proline as a Catalyst for an Asymmetric Aldol Reaction - Lab Report Example The product was then extracted with 10mL of ethyl acetate. Drying was done over MgSO4 . the separation of the drying agent was done via gravity filtration, whereas that of the solvent was done through rotary evaporation. The product was further taken through purification steps, which involved the use of flash chromatography using 50% petroleum ether/ 50% ethyl acetate as the eluting solvent. The fractions were then combined and the solvent eliminated via evaporation method. The massed of the obtained products were then recorded, and verification obtained. To conduct the Mosher analysis, 15mg of the Aldol product were dissolved in 0.9mL of anhydrous CH2Cl2 in a flame dried vial. 1.5mg of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAO) followed by 15á ´ «L pyridine and MTPA-Cl were added. The solution was then sealed and allowed to react under nitrogen. After the reaction was complete, the isolation process followed. The crude reacrion was washed with 0.1 N HCL (0.5 mL), saturated bicarbonate solution (0.5 mL) and brine (0.5mL). The ratio of diastereomers by H-NMR was determined and enantiomeric excess of the Aldol reaction computed. From the analysis of the results obtained from the experimentation, it was clear that L-proline functions as a catalyst in a reaction involving Aldol. The product was further quantified by use of the Mosher ester approach. Consequently, a conclusion was drawn that L-proline functions as a catalyst in Aldol reactions. One of the powerful methods through which carbon-carbon bonds can be formed is through nucleophilic addition of an enolate to a carbonyl group. An example of the scenarios in which this principle has been applied is in the de novo generation of carbohydrates which results from the development of aldolase enzymes, which catalyze biological Aldol reactions. The ability of aldolases to produce enantiomeric product exclusively is a notable feature, difficult for the modern synthesis

Financial Analysis of Carrefour S A Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Financial Analysis of Carrefour S A - Case Study Example Sikhumbuzo Bhengu, junior financial analyst ordered a  report which was demanded by Carrefour S.A.’s CFO Barry Strydom. The request of this report is to identify the cost-effective currency in which the issuing of the bond from the firm to that currency denominated, and it turns that foreign currency is effective than the hedging strategy required to hedge exchange rate risk. Nevertheless, investing in the British pound had several reasons why it was a good idea. Due to the high inflation rate in U.K, the real interest rate became lower while the nominal interest rate of the Swiss franc got lower than that of the British pound. The data information provided by Carrefour S.A. was used to solve the report which was not being expanded beyond the scope of the information given. The position of Carrefour in the market was not conducted by research provided by the internet. The information provided by the case study is assumed to be true and accurate. This report has been conducted by the use of interest rate parity which is the main underlying theory in this case. Carrefour S.A. was seeking to contribute EURO 750million debt financing by issuing a bond at a lower cost either by the use of domestic currency or foreign currency denomination bond in the Eurobond market in the summer of 2002. Carrefour S.A.’s investment banks (Morgan Stanley and UBS Warburg) not only suggested the provision of funds at the lowest cost but also anticipated that the Carrefour 10-year bonds can be dispensed at 5.25% in Euros, 5.375% in British pounds, 3.625% in Swiss francs, and 5.5% in U.S. dollars in August 2002. The assumption was that the bonds were to be issued at par. The action plan which was taken was based on the sales, profits, and sources of profits in various currencies.